Climate studies call for more localized climate scenarios. The scarcity of high-resolution scenarios is a problem, however. To address this problem, we aimed to construct an artificial neural network (ANN) that performs climate downscaling for an area in Luzon, Philippines. In this paper,...
The paper is a summary of the more important factors affecting sea level rise. Geodynamic factors are elaborated and explained, based on numerous studies affecting such phenomena. The contributions of time varying, temperature dependent factors are explicitly discussed and elaborated, and some related...
The changes in rainfall patterns, which evolve during the growth in size of a tropical urban area, are studied by means of model simulations. The urban area is located along a coastline. The simulated rainfall is produced by mesoscale disturbances during the rainy...
This paper is an initial research on a high-resolution model of the mesoscale circulations over Metro Manila using the Fifth-Generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Two days in April 2002 characterized by a calm prevailing wind were simulated. The model indicated the occurrence of...
The possibility of predicting rainfall anomalies in the Philippines due to El Niño and La Niña is investigated. The data used in the investigation consist of rain gauge observations, satellite-derived rainfall and sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific Ocean. The investigation is...
General Circulation Model based on the Special Reports on Emissions Scenarios are downscaled in order to determine future possible climate conditions in the Philippines.
The diurnal variation of air pollution over Metro Manila is studied by means of model simulations. The model equations are based on the fluid dynamical equations. The equations are integrated for the case when the prevailing wind is calm and with a prevailing...
Visualization of the extent of climate change in the Philippines is important in vulnerability and adaptation studies. Data will have to be downscaled from the result of General Circulation Models (GCMs) modelled by the developed countries. Three different models were studied and compared...
The possibility of predicting rainfall anomalies in the Philippines due to El Niño and La Niña is investigated. The data used in the investigation consist of rain gauge observations, satellite-derived rainfall and sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific Ocean. The investigation is...
The changes in rainfall patterns, which evolve during the growth in size of a tropical urban area, are studied by means of model simulations. The urban area is located along a coastline. The simulated rainfall is produced by mesoscale disturbances during the rainy...
Remote sensing of the atmosphere using Global Positioning Systems has been made possible with the derivation of the precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the tropospheric wet delay experienced by the signal propagation. Although limited by the missing observational data from the receiver, it...
Having successfully implemented the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) in the Agila Beowulf cluster of Ateneo, the Atmospheric Modeling Group (AMG) of the Manila Observatory was able to make several test runs on the Luzon island domain (12.2 deg to 18.8 deg latitude,...
The pollution patterns due to discharges from a marine outfall in the coastal waters of Southern Lingayen Gulf are studied. The variations of these patterns corresponding to different prevailing winds are obtained by using a mathematical model of the Gulf. The model equations...
Air pollutants are trapped within a very thin layer of the atmosphere called the boundary layer (BL). A hydrostatic, biaxial, vertically-pointing Mie Scattering 532 nm Nd:YAG with 20 Hz repetition rate lidar was used to observe the development of daytime BL over Metro...
The present report describes an initial research to develop a theoretical model, which would explain the observations that will be described. The ultimate goal of the research is to develop a model for predicting air pollution over Metro Manila [Presented at the Samahang...
Major advances have been made on the study of climate change. For this reason, a higher resolution of climate baseline is required. It is important that the climate baseline be an accurate representation of the mean state over time and space. Our goal...
A two-dimensional, theoretical model based on the fluid dynamical equations is developed to determine the effects of urbanization on rainfall. The model is applied to a case where the urban area is located between the sea and the rural area. The model incorporates...
Observational studies show that the climate of a city or an urbanized area is significantly different from that of the surrounding rural areas. The differences are due to four factors1. First, urbanization changes the thermal properties of the earth surface. Areas of concrete,...
The optical properties of clouds are important factors in studying global radiative balance. In particular, the optical depth distribution of clouds, which may be derived from the extinction coefficient, is useful in modeling the radiation distribution in the atmosphere. In the western Pacific...
Since the late nineteenth century, the average temperature of the earth has increased by 0.3 to 0.6oC. Global circulation models (GCMs) predict that in the next 50 to 100 years, the temperature will continue to rise by 1 to 3.5oC. These models attribute...