Air pollutants are trapped within a very thin layer of the atmosphere called the boundary layer (BL). A hydrostatic, biaxial, vertically-pointing Mie Scattering 532 nm Nd:YAG with 20 Hz repetition rate lidar was used to observe the development of daytime BL over Metro...

The present report describes an initial research to develop a theoretical model, which would explain the observations that will be described. The ultimate goal of the research is to develop a model for predicting air pollution over Metro Manila [Presented at the Samahang...

Major advances have been made on the study of climate change. For this reason, a higher resolution of climate baseline is required. It is important that the climate baseline be an accurate representation of the mean state over time and space. Our goal...

Observational studies show that the climate of a city or an urbanized area is significantly different from that of the surrounding rural areas. The differences are due to four factors1. First, urbanization changes the thermal properties of the earth surface. Areas of concrete,...

The optical properties of clouds are important factors in studying global radiative balance. In particular, the optical depth distribution of clouds, which may be derived from the extinction coefficient, is useful in modeling the radiation distribution in the atmosphere. In the western Pacific...

Since the late nineteenth century, the average temperature of the earth has increased by 0.3 to 0.6oC. Global circulation models (GCMs) predict that in the next 50 to 100 years, the temperature will continue to rise by 1 to 3.5oC. These models attribute...

Most simulations of global climate are performed by low spatial resolution models called general circulation models (GCMs) to avoid huge computing expense normally incurred in running these models over time frames of the order of decades. In fact, the predictions of global climate...

The Southwestern Luzon region is included in the highest rainfall areas of the Southwest Monsoon. The climatological rainfall maximum is primarily a reflection of the subsynoptic rainfall disturbances that occur during episodes of strong southwest monsoon flow, the so-called monsoon surges. These rainfall...

During the past two decades, the Philippines has experienced unusual droughts and floods due to the climatological phenomena called El Nino and La Nina. El Nino occurs approximately once every five years, while La Nina is less frequent. El Nino is a physical...

Our atmosphere contains, in addition to a variety of molecules, a rich brew of particulates and aerosols that include dust, ice and salt crystals, fog, haze and clouds. These particles largely exist within the lowest part of the atmosphere, the boundary layer. This...

Most spectrometer systems today come as self-contained ready-to-use commercial packages. As such, their basic design considerations and fine-tuning methods have mostly become lost to the scientific community at large. Little literature on the design and alignment exist and what there is are difficult...

An air pollution dispersion and transport model based on experiment is very essential in closely evaluating and assessing the fast degrading air quality in Metro Manila. An important parameter for this to be reliably done is the mixed layer height or the depth...